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How the universe will die?

Theoretical scientific explorations of the end of the universe were made possible by the general relativity given by the  Albert Einstein in 1915. here are many possibles outcomes of the theory it defines the universe at the largest structure possible. 

Alexander Friedmann came up with many solutions in 1922 and Georges Lemaitre in 1927. one of them suggests that the universe is expanding since the birth of the universe

To determine the ultimate fate of the universe the scientists need to gather the data regarding the critical density of the universe (the age density of matter required by the universe to stop the expansion).

 If in the case the density found to be lower than the critical density then the universe will continue to expand forever, if the density found to be equal to the critical density then the universe expands forever but will decrease it's the of expansion gradually and if the density found is more than the critical density the universe will stop expanding and will ultimately collapse.
   
     The Big Rip:-
It is a hypothetical cosmological event which is probably to happen 22 billion years from now. In this scenario the dark energy will keep pulling the universe apart under the very accelerating pace against the gravitational force and matter from stars, dust, planets etc will be torn apart into atoms and sub-particles and even space-time itself until each particle apart. arcelo Disconzi an assistant professor of mathematics in Tennessee along with the collaboration with physics professors Thomas Kephart and  Robert Scherrer came up with the theory of the Big Rip.
Marcelo took cosmological viscosity into consideration, which is the measure of fluid resistance to expansion and compression which is exhibited by supernovas and formation of neutron stars.Marcelo re-adjusted the equations relativistic fluid dynamics and with the help of collaborators came upon the conclusion of the universe with the big rip theory.     

Illustration of Big Rip

The Big Crunch:-
It is a hypothetical cosmological event in which after the certain amount of time the expanding universe will stop expanding and will reverse its flow and eventually all the matter in the universe will come at a very particular point like in the case of the Big Bang, this can only be the case if the gravitational force overcomes the dark energy but the vast majority of pieces of evidence shows that this theory is incorrect because the universe not only expanding but is expanding at an accelerating rate. 

Many think that if all the matter come closer to each other then it would mean that the time will flow backwards but it is not actually thermodynamically possible.

 Provided by the second law of thermodynamics, which states in an isolated system entropy tends to increase with time.

Illustration of Big Crunch

The Big Freeze:-
It is a hypothetical cosmological event like the Big Crunch but instead of causing another big bang in the Big Crunch but as the universe expands it will cool down losing essential heat and will eventually become too cold to sustain life in the universe.

 It is the most acceptable theory of the end of the universe. his theory comes from the fact the in an isolated system(like our universe) the entropy keeps on increasing till it reaches it's the maximum value the time it reaches it's the maximum he heat in the system will no longer be distributed in the system, as a result, everything in the universe might just go cold. 

stars will die and even the black holes will be vanished due to the Hawking Radiation.

Illustration of Big Freeze









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